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جدائی شبکیه
The disorder, initially called retrolental fibroplasia, was characterised by a complete retinal detachment behind the lens.
Phase 2 is characterised by proliferation of blood vessels largely in response to hypoxia- driven increases in VEGF and erythropoietin.48,49 The new vessels poorly perfuse the retina and are leaky, which leads to fibrous scar formation and retinal detachment.
In stage 3, extraretinal neovascularisation can become severe enough to cause total retinal detachment (stage 5), which leads to blindness.
Cryotherapy emerged in the 1980s as the method used on the first widely studied intervention-ablation of non-vascularised retina-that reduced structural and functional disease associated with retinopathy of prematurity.131 In the CRYO-ROP study,132 preterm infants were treated at the point of progression of retinopathy of prematurity (a subcategory of stage 3), at which time retinal neovascularisation was equally likely to progress to retinal detachment (high risk for blindness) or to regress.
Treatment of type 1 disease with retinal ablation is intended to minimise unnecessary retinal destruction in cases that would regress spontaneously and to maximise the number of cases in which treatment prevents progression to retinal detachment.136 The designation of type 1 disease relies on assessment of plus disease.
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